付録:英語の発音表記/IPA・SAMPA・AHD対応表
下記の表は、IPAおよびSAMPAによる英語の発音記号を示したものです。(未完ですがAHDによる表記も含みます。) 表中、en-usは米語特有の発音、en-ukはイギリス英語特有の発音であることを指しています。
母音(Vowels)
編集| IPA | 使用例 | SAMPA | AHD |
|---|---|---|---|
| iː | ease, see | i: | ē |
| i | happy | i | i |
| ɪ | city, bit | I | ĭ |
| eɪ | bait | e | ā |
| ɛ | bed, bet | E | ě |
| æ | bad, cat | { | ă |
| ə | about | @ | ə |
| ɚ (en-us) | enter | @` | ər |
| ɜː (en-uk) | fur, bird | 3: | û |
| ɝ (en-us) | fur, bird | 3` | û |
| u (en-us) | boot, soon, lose | u | o͞o |
| u | into | u | o͞o |
| uː (en-uk) | boot, soon, lose | u: | o͞o |
| ʊ | put, foot | U | o͝o |
| oʊ (en-us) | boat, nose | o | ō |
| əʊ (en-uk) | boat, nose | o | ō |
| ʌ | run, enough, up | V | ŭ |
| ɔː (en-uk) | saw, caught | O: | ô |
| ɑː (en-uk) | father, can't | A: | ä |
| ɒ (en-uk) | not, cough | Q | ŏ |
| ɑ (en-us) cot-caught merger | caught, father, not | A |
二重母音(Diphthongs)
編集子音(Consonants)
編集| IPA | 使用例 | SAMPA | AHD |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | but, cab | b | b |
| ʧ or tʃ | chair, picture, branch | tS | ch |
| d | do, wood | d | d |
| ʤ or dʒ | judge, gin | dZ | j |
| f | fool, enough | f | f |
| ɡ | go, bag | g | g |
| h | ham | h | h |
| k | cat, kill, queen | k | k |
| l | left (同音節の母音の手前のとき) | l | l |
| m | man, him | m | m |
| n | no | n | n |
| ŋ | singer, ring | N | ng |
| p | pen, top | p | p |
| ɹ or r | run, very (en-uk) | r\ | |
| ɻ | run, very (en-us) | r\` | |
| s | see, city | s | s |
| ʃ | she, sure, emotion | S | sh |
| t | to, mat | t | t |
| θ | thing, nothing, moth | T | th |
| ð | this, father, clothe | D | th (斜体で記す) |
| v | voice | v | v |
| w | we | w | w |
| ʍ | which (en-uk, 特にScottish) | W | hw |
| j | yes | j | y |
| z | zoo, roses | z | z |
| ʒ | pleasure (zh) | Z | zh |
特定条件下で現れる音素ではない音声
| IPA | 使用例 | SAMPA | AHD |
|---|---|---|---|
| ɫ | milk (同音節の母音の後ろのとき) | 5 | lk |
| ɱ | emphasis, amphora | F |
本来存在しない音素（外来音）
| IPA | 使用例 | SAMPA | AHD |
|---|---|---|---|
| x | loch (Scottish) | x | KH |
| ɲ | canyon | J | ny / ñ |