付録:スラヴ祖語/tьma
スラヴ祖語
編集語源1
編集バルト・スラヴ祖語 *tímāˀ < 印欧祖語 *temH-
名詞
編集*tьmà 女性
*tьmà の格変化 (硬変化a語幹, アクセントパターンb)
| 単数 | 双数 | 複数 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 | *tьmà | *tь̀mě | *tьmỳ |
| 対格 | *tьmǫ̀ | *tь̀mě | *tьmỳ |
| 生格 | *tьmỳ | *tьmù | *tь̀mъ |
| 処格 | *tьmě̀ | *tьmù | *tьmàsъ, *tьmàxъ* |
| 与格 | *tьmě̀ | *tьmàma | *tьmàmъ |
| 造格 | *tьmòjǫ, *tь̀mǫ** | *tьmàma | *tьmàmī |
| 呼格 | *tьmo | *tь̀mě | *tьmỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
派生語
編集諸言語への影響
編集- 東スラヴ語群:
- 南スラヴ語群:
- 西スラヴ語群:
語源2
編集テュルク諸語からの借用。
数詞
編集*tьma
- 一万。
*tьma の格変化 (硬変化a語幹)
| 単数 | 双数 | 複数 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 主格 | *tьma | *tьmě | *tьmy |
| 対格 | *tьmǫ | *tьmě | *tьmy |
| 生格 | *tьmy | *tьmu | *tьmъ |
| 処格 | *tьmě | *tьmu | *tьmasъ, *tьmaxъ* |
| 与格 | *tьmě | *tьmama | *tьmamъ |
| 造格 | *tьmojǫ, *tьmǫ** | *tьmama | *tьmami |
| 呼格 | *tьmo | *tьmě | *tьmy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).