スワデシュ・リスト (Swadesh lists)はもともと、言語学者モリス・スワデシュが考案したものである。1940年代から1950年代にかけて、スワデシュは言語の関連性、特に年代を言語年代学という方法で割り出すために、体の部位、動詞、自然現象を表す語の表を開発した。ただし、ほとんどの言語学者にとって、この方法は語彙統計学よりもさらに信頼性が低くなる。
スワデシュ・リストは、他の言語の普遍的な用語の知識を得るのにも役立つ場合がある。これは、基本的なコミュニケーションにおいては、語彙の知識が文法と構文の知識よりも重要なためである。対象言語の構文をまったく知らなくても、(非常に)基本的なコミュニケーションスキルを獲得できる場合もある。
ここ(または任意のHTMLページ内の他のテーブル)でテーブルの列を並べ替えるには、ここ(Ctrlキーを押しながら「テーブルの並べ替え」のリンクをクリックしてリンクをコピー)からjavascriptリンクをコピーし、このページに戻ったら貼り付ける。URLウィンドウにコピーしたjavascriptコードを実行する。 (そこにある他のテーブルスクリプトもここで使用できる。)あるいは、リンクをコピーする代わりに、ブックマークツールバーにドラッグして、ツールバーからリンクにアクセスできるようにすることもできる。このソート機能は、Swadesh templateテンプレートおよび/またはBasic English templateテンプレートのカテゴリが具体化されている場合に特に役立つ。
Assorted Swadesh lists
編集
テンプレート:Swadesh lists
- Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian
- Ancient Greek and modern Greek
- Armenian
- Baltic languages — Lithuanian, Latvian, Latgalian, Samogitian, and Prussian
- Celtic languages — Breton, Cornish, Welsh, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Manx
- Germanic languages — Old English, Middle English, Scots, Frisian (West Frisian), Dutch, Afrikaans, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Kölsch, Luxembourgish, German, Danish, Swedish, Faroese, Icelandic, and Norwegian (Bokmål and Nynorsk).
- Hittite and Luwian
- Indo-Iranian languages — Persian, Hindi/Urdu, Pashto, Kurdish, Sanskrit and Romani
- Romance languages — Latin, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Romanian, Lengadocian Occitan, Gascon Occitan, and Romansh
- French
- Iberian languages — Portuguese, Galician, Asturian, Aragonese, Spanish
- Italian languages — Italian, Lombard, Neapolitan, Venetian, Sicilian, Maceratese, Macerata and Latin
- Romanian
- Walloon
- Slavic languages — Old Church Slavonic, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian, Rusyn
- Tocharian A and B
- Käntwo
- Afro-Asiatic languages — Arabic (+ romanized), Hebrew (+ romanized), Syriac (+ romanized), Akkadian (romanized only), and Ge'ez (+ romanized)
- Basque
- Burushaski
- Dravidian languages — Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Tulu, Gondi, Konda, and Brahui; see also 付録:Cognate sets for Dravidian languages.
- Elamite
- Etruscan
- Georgian
- Sumerian
- Uralic languages
- Turkic languages
- See the Intercontinental Dictionary Series for a huge selection of topical vocabulary lists of Northeast Caucasian languages.
North Asian
東アジア
東南アジア・オセアニア
See also: 付録:Vocabulary lists of Mainland Southeast Asian languages
- Austroasiatic languages — Khmer (+ romanized), Mon (+ romanized), Vietnamese, Chewong
- Austronesian languages — Ilocano, Malay, Tagalog, Cebuano, Pampangan, Pangasinan, Sasak, Chamorro, Malagasy, Tahitian, Tuvaluan, Maori, and Sundanese
- Pama-Nyungan languages — Gurindji, Ngaanyatjarra
- Kra–Dai languages — Thai (+ romanized), Lao (+ romanized), Shan (+ romanized), Southern Dong, Gelao, Buyang, Zhuang, Ong Be (Lingao), Hlai (Li), White Hmong
- Hmong–Mien
- See also: 付録:Eskimo–Aleut basic vocabulary and Indigenous languages of the Americas
北アメリカ
- Dené–Yeniseian languages — Ket, Tlingit, Navajo, Dena'ina, Hupa
- Algonquian and Iroquoian languages — Ojibwe, Lenape, Mohawk, Cherokee, Nottoway, Erie (Language)
- Siouan and Pawnee languages — Lakota, Dakota dialects, Osage, Crow, Tutelo, Pawnee
- Penutian languages
- Chumashan and Hokan languages — includes Yuman languages of Ipai, Kiliwa, Cocopa
- Kiowa-Tanoan, Keresan and Zuni languages
- Muskogean languages
- Uto-Aztecan languages — Nahuatl, Yaqui, Hopi, Shoshone, O'odham, Cahuilla, Tongva
- Zuni
中央アメリカ
- Oto-Manguean and other Mesoamerican languages — Otomi, Mixtec, Zapotec, Mazahua, Totonac, Popoluca, Huave, Chontal
- Purepecha
- Mayan languages — K'iche', Q'eqchi', Tzotzil, Mam, Yucatec Maya
南アメリカ
See also: 付録:Vocabulary lists of African languages
Lists in need of expansion
編集
For a basis to expand this list into other languages see the basic 207-word Swadesh template. See also this Swadesh template containing a comparative table for 8 different languages, and this Swadesh template with categories and parts-of-speech added. To visit a more extensive list of basic words in various languages (not a Swadesh list, though it includes and is cross-referenced to Swadesh words), see the Basic English word list.
- Templates for Swadesh lists
- Templates for boxes
- Other templates
Swadesh list table of Germanic and Romance languages
編集
The words from Swadesh's original 100-word list are designated by an asterisk (*). In the composite list on this page, there are actually 207 words, since seven of the words in the 100-word list (breast, fingernail, full, horn, knee, moon, round) were not in the original 200-word list.
No
|
英語
|
フランス語
|
ドイツ語
|
イタリア語
|
スペイン語
|
オランダ語
|
スウェーデン語
|
ラテン語
|
1
|
I *
|
je
|
ich
|
io
|
yo
|
ik
|
jag
|
ego
|
2
|
you sing., thou
|
tu, vous (formal)
|
du, Sie (formal)
|
tu, Lei (formal)
|
tú, usted (formal)
|
jij, je, u (formal)
|
du
|
tu
|
3
|
he
|
il
|
er
|
lui, egli
|
él
|
hij
|
han
|
is, ea
|
4
|
we *
|
nous
|
wir
|
noi
|
nosotros
|
wij, we
|
vi
|
nos
|
5
|
you pl.
|
vous
|
ihr, Sie (formal)
|
voi
|
vosotros, ustedes (formal)
|
jullie, u (formal)
|
ni
|
vos
|
6
|
they
|
ils, elles
|
sie
|
loro, essi
|
ellos, ellas
|
zij, ze
|
de
|
ii, eae
|
7
|
this *
|
ceci
|
dieses
|
questo
|
este
|
deze, dit
|
det här
|
hic, is
|
8
|
that *
|
cela
|
jenes, das
|
quello
|
ese, aquel
|
die, dat
|
det där
|
ille
|
9
|
here
|
ici
|
hier
|
qui, qua
|
aquí, acá
|
hier
|
här
|
hic
|
10
|
there
|
là
|
dort
|
là
|
ahí, allí, allá
|
daar
|
där
|
ibi
|
11
|
who *
|
qui
|
wer
|
chi
|
quien
|
wie
|
vem
|
quis
|
12
|
what *
|
quoi
|
was
|
che
|
que
|
wat
|
vad
|
quid
|
13
|
where
|
où
|
wo
|
dove
|
donde
|
waar
|
var
|
ubi
|
14
|
when
|
quand
|
wann
|
quando
|
cuando
|
wanneer
|
när
|
quando
|
15
|
how
|
comment
|
wie
|
come
|
como
|
hoe
|
hur
|
quam, quomodo
|
16
|
not *
|
ne...pas
|
nicht
|
non
|
no
|
niet
|
inte, ej
|
non
|
17
|
all *
|
tout
|
alle
|
tutto
|
todo
|
al, alle
|
alla
|
omnis
|
18
|
many *
|
plusieurs
|
viele
|
molti
|
muchos
|
veel
|
många
|
multi
|
19
|
some
|
quelques
|
einige
|
alcuni
|
algunos, unos
|
enkele, sommige
|
några, vissa
|
aliqui, aliquot
|
20
|
few
|
peu
|
wenige
|
pochi
|
poco
|
weinig
|
få
|
pauci
|
21
|
other
|
autre
|
andere
|
altro
|
otro
|
ander
|
annan
|
alter, alius
|
22
|
one *
|
un
|
eins
|
uno
|
uno
|
een
|
ett
|
unus
|
23
|
two *
|
deux
|
zwei
|
due
|
dos
|
twee
|
två
|
duo
|
24
|
three
|
trois
|
drei
|
tre
|
tres
|
drie
|
tre
|
tres
|
25
|
four
|
quatre
|
vier
|
quattro
|
cuatro
|
vier
|
fyra
|
quattuor
|
26
|
five
|
cinq
|
fünf
|
cinque
|
cinco
|
vijf
|
fem
|
quinque
|
27
|
big *
|
grand
|
groß
|
grande
|
grande
|
groot
|
stor
|
magnus, grandis
|
28
|
long *
|
long
|
lang
|
lungo
|
largo
|
lang
|
lång
|
longus
|
29
|
wide
|
large
|
breit, weit
|
largo
|
ancho
|
breed, wijd
|
bred, vid
|
latus
|
30
|
thick
|
épais
|
dick
|
spesso
|
grueso
|
dik
|
tjock
|
creber
|
31
|
heavy
|
lourd
|
schwer
|
pesante
|
pesado
|
zwaar
|
tung
|
gravis
|
32
|
small *
|
petit
|
klein
|
piccolo
|
pequeño
|
klein
|
liten
|
parvus
|
33
|
short
|
court
|
kurz
|
corto
|
corto
|
kort
|
kort
|
brevis
|
34
|
narrow
|
étroit
|
eng
|
stretto
|
estrecho, angosto
|
smal
|
trång
|
angustus
|
35
|
thin
|
mince
|
dünn
|
sottile
|
delgado, flaco
|
dun
|
tunn
|
macer
|
36
|
woman *
|
femme
|
Frau
|
donna
|
mujer
|
vrouw
|
kvinna
|
femina
|
37
|
man (adult male)
|
homme
|
Mann
|
uomo
|
hombre
|
man
|
man
|
vir
|
38
|
man * (human being)
|
homme
|
Mensch
|
uomo
|
hombre
|
mens
|
människa
|
homo
|
39
|
child
|
enfant
|
Kind
|
bambino
|
niño
|
kind
|
barn
|
puer
|
40
|
wife
|
femme, épouse
|
Frau, Ehefrau
|
moglie
|
esposa, mujer
|
vrouw, echtgenote
|
hustru, maka, fru
|
uxor, mulier
|
41
|
husband
|
mari, époux
|
Mann, Ehemann
|
marito
|
esposo, marido
|
man, echtgenoot
|
man, make
|
maritus
|
42
|
mother
|
mère
|
Mutter
|
madre
|
madre
|
moeder
|
mamma, mor
|
mater
|
43
|
father
|
père
|
Vater
|
padre
|
padre
|
vader
|
pappa, far
|
pater
|
44
|
animal
|
animal
|
Tier
|
animale
|
animal
|
dier
|
djur
|
animal
|
45
|
fish *
|
poisson
|
Fisch
|
pesce
|
pez, pescado
|
vis
|
fisk
|
piscis
|
46
|
bird *
|
oiseau
|
Vogel
|
uccello
|
ave, pájaro
|
vogel
|
fågel
|
avis
|
47
|
dog *
|
chien
|
Hund
|
cane
|
perro
|
hond
|
hund
|
canis
|
48
|
louse *
|
pou
|
Laus
|
pidocchio
|
piojo
|
luis
|
lus
|
pedis
|
49
|
snake
|
serpent
|
Schlange
|
serpente
|
serpiente, culebra
|
slang
|
orm
|
serpens
|
50
|
worm
|
ver
|
Wurm
|
verme
|
gusano
|
worm
|
mask
|
vermis
|
51
|
tree *
|
arbre
|
Baum
|
albero
|
árbol
|
boom
|
träd
|
arbor
|
52
|
forest
|
forêt
|
Wald
|
foresta
|
bosque
|
woud
|
skog
|
silva
|
53
|
stick
|
bâton
|
Stock
|
bastone
|
palo
|
stok
|
pinne
|
fustis
|
54
|
fruit
|
fruit
|
Frucht
|
frutta
|
fruta
|
fruit, vrucht
|
frukt
|
fructus
|
55
|
seed *
|
graine
|
Samen
|
seme
|
semilla
|
zaad
|
frö
|
semen
|
56
|
leaf *
|
feuille
|
Blatt
|
foglia
|
hoja
|
blad
|
löv, blad
|
folium
|
57
|
root *
|
racine
|
Wurzel
|
radice
|
raíz
|
wortel
|
rot
|
radix
|
58
|
bark * (from tree)
|
écorce
|
Rinde
|
corteccia
|
corteza
|
schors
|
bark
|
cortex
|
59
|
flower
|
fleur
|
Blume
|
fiore
|
flor
|
bloem
|
blomma
|
flos
|
60
|
grass
|
herbe
|
Gras
|
erba
|
hierba, pasto
|
gras
|
gräs
|
herba
|
61
|
rope
|
corde
|
Seil
|
corda
|
cuerda
|
touw, koord
|
rep
|
funis
|
62
|
skin *
|
peau
|
Haut
|
pelle
|
piel
|
huid
|
hud
|
cutis
|
63
|
meat
|
viande
|
Fleisch
|
carne
|
carne
|
vlees
|
kött
|
caro
|
64
|
blood *
|
sang
|
Blut
|
sangue
|
sangre
|
bloed
|
blod
|
sanguis
|
65
|
bone *
|
os
|
Knochen
|
osso
|
hueso
|
been, bot
|
ben
|
os
|
66
|
fat * (n.)
|
graisse
|
Fett
|
grasso
|
grasa
|
vet
|
fett
|
adeps
|
67
|
egg *
|
œuf
|
Ei
|
uovo
|
huevo
|
ei
|
ägg
|
ovum
|
68
|
horn *
|
corne
|
Horn
|
corno
|
cuerno
|
hoorn
|
horn
|
cornu
|
69
|
tail *
|
queue
|
Schwanz
|
coda
|
cola
|
staart
|
svans
|
cauda
|
70
|
feather *
|
plume
|
Feder
|
piuma
|
pluma
|
veer
|
fjäder
|
penna
|
71
|
hair *
|
cheveu
|
Haar
|
capelli
|
cabello, pelo
|
haar
|
hår
|
capillus, coma, crinis
|
72
|
head *
|
tête
|
Kopf, Haupt
|
testa
|
cabeza
|
hoofd, kop
|
huvud
|
caput
|
73
|
ear *
|
oreille
|
Ohr
|
orecchio
|
oreja
|
oor
|
öra
|
auris
|
74
|
eye *
|
œil
|
Auge
|
occhio
|
ojo
|
oog
|
öga
|
oculus
|
75
|
nose *
|
nez
|
Nase
|
naso
|
nariz
|
neus
|
näsa
|
nasus
|
76
|
mouth *
|
bouche
|
Mund
|
bocca
|
boca
|
mond
|
mun
|
os
|
77
|
tooth *
|
dent
|
Zahn
|
dente
|
diente
|
tand
|
tand
|
dens
|
78
|
tongue *
|
langue
|
Zunge
|
lingua
|
lengua
|
tong
|
tunga
|
lingua
|
79
|
fingernail
|
ongle
|
Fingernagel
|
unghia
|
uña
|
vingernagel
|
nagel
|
unguis
|
80
|
foot *
|
pied
|
Fuß
|
piede
|
pie
|
voet
|
fot
|
pes
|
81
|
leg
|
jambe
|
Bein
|
gamba
|
pierna
|
been
|
ben
|
crus
|
82
|
knee *
|
genou
|
Knie
|
ginocchio
|
rodilla
|
knie
|
knä
|
genu
|
83
|
hand *
|
main
|
Hand
|
mano
|
mano
|
hand
|
hand
|
manus
|
84
|
wing
|
aile
|
Flügel
|
ala
|
ala
|
vleugel
|
vinge
|
ala
|
85
|
belly *
|
ventre
|
Bauch
|
pancia
|
barriga, vientre, panza
|
buik
|
mage
|
venter
|
86
|
guts
|
entrailles
|
Eingeweide, Innereien
|
intestino
|
entrañas, tripas
|
ingewanden
|
inälvor
|
intestina
|
87
|
neck *
|
cou
|
Hals
|
collo
|
cuello
|
nek
|
hals, nacke
|
collum, cervix
|
88
|
back
|
dos
|
Rücken
|
schiena
|
espalda
|
rug
|
rygg
|
tergum
|
89
|
breast *
|
sein, poitrine
|
Brust
|
petto
|
pecho, seno
|
borst
|
bröst
|
pectus, mamma
|
90
|
heart *
|
cœur
|
Herz
|
cuore
|
corazón
|
hart
|
hjärta
|
cor
|
91
|
liver *
|
foie
|
Leber
|
fegato
|
hígado
|
lever
|
lever
|
iecur
|
92
|
drink *
|
boire
|
trinken
|
bere
|
beber, tomar
|
drinken
|
dricka
|
bibere
|
93
|
eat *
|
manger
|
essen
|
mangiare
|
comer
|
eten
|
äta
|
edere
|
94
|
bite *
|
mordre
|
beißen
|
mordere
|
morder
|
bijten
|
bita
|
mordere
|
95
|
suck
|
sucer
|
saugen
|
succhiare
|
chupar
|
zuigen
|
suga
|
sugere
|
96
|
spit
|
cracher
|
spucken
|
sputare
|
escupir
|
spuwen
|
spotta
|
sputare
|
97
|
vomit
|
vomir
|
erbrechen
|
vomitare
|
vomitar
|
braken, overgeven
|
kräkas, spy
|
vomere
|
98
|
blow
|
souffler
|
blasen
|
soffiare
|
soplar
|
blazen
|
blåsa
|
flare
|
99
|
breathe
|
respirer
|
atmen
|
respirare
|
respirar
|
ademen
|
andas
|
spirare
|
100
|
laugh
|
rire
|
lachen
|
ridere
|
reír
|
lachen
|
skratta
|
ridere
|
101
|
see *
|
voir
|
sehen
|
vedere
|
ver
|
zien
|
se
|
videre
|
102
|
hear *
|
entendre
|
hören
|
udire, sentire
|
oír
|
horen
|
höra
|
audire
|
103
|
know * (a fact)
|
savoir
|
wissen
|
sapere
|
saber
|
weten
|
veta
|
scire
|
104
|
think
|
penser
|
denken
|
pensare
|
pensar
|
denken
|
tänka
|
putare
|
105
|
smell
|
sentir
|
riechen
|
odorare, annusare
|
oler
|
ruiken
|
lukta
|
olere
|
106
|
fear
|
craindre, avoir peur
|
fürchten
|
temere
|
temer
|
vrezen, angst
|
frukta, rädas
|
timere
|
107
|
sleep *
|
dormir
|
schlafen
|
dormire
|
dormir
|
slapen
|
sova
|
dormire
|
108
|
live
|
vivre
|
leben
|
vivere
|
vivir
|
leven
|
leva
|
vivere
|
109
|
die *
|
mourir
|
sterben
|
morire
|
morir
|
sterven
|
dö
|
mori
|
110
|
kill *
|
tuer
|
töten
|
uccidere
|
matar
|
doden
|
döda
|
necare
|
111
|
fight
|
se battre
|
kämpfen
|
combattere
|
pelear
|
vechten
|
strida
|
pugnare
|
112
|
hunt
|
chasser
|
jagen
|
cacciare
|
cazar
|
jagen
|
jaga
|
venari
|
113
|
hit
|
frapper
|
schlagen
|
colpire
|
golpear
|
slaan
|
slå
|
pellere
|
114
|
cut
|
couper
|
schneiden
|
tagliare
|
cortar
|
snijden
|
skära
|
secare
|
115
|
split
|
fendre
|
spalten
|
dividere, separare
|
partir
|
splijten
|
dela, klyva
|
scindere, partiri
|
116
|
stab
|
poignarder
|
stechen
|
pugnalare
|
apuñalar
|
steken
|
sticka
|
traicere
|
117
|
scratch
|
gratter
|
kratzen
|
graffiare
|
arañar, rascar
|
krabben
|
klia
|
radere
|
118
|
dig
|
creuser
|
graben
|
scavare
|
cavar
|
graven
|
gräva
|
fodere
|
119
|
swim *
|
nager
|
schwimmen
|
nuotare
|
nadar
|
zwemmen
|
simma
|
natare
|
120
|
fly * (v.)
|
voler
|
fliegen
|
volare
|
volar
|
vliegen
|
flyga
|
volare
|
121
|
walk *
|
marcher
|
gehen
|
camminare
|
caminar
|
lopen
|
gå
|
gradi
|
122
|
come *
|
venir
|
kommen
|
venire
|
venir
|
komen
|
komma
|
venire
|
123
|
lie *
|
s'étendre
|
liegen
|
distendersi
|
echarse, acostarse, tenderse
|
liggen
|
ligga
|
iacere
|
124
|
sit *
|
s'asseoir
|
sitzen
|
sedere
|
sentarse
|
zitten
|
sitta
|
sedere
|
125
|
stand *
|
se lever
|
stehen
|
stare in piedi
|
estar de pie
|
staan
|
stå
|
stare
|
126
|
turn
|
tourner
|
drehen
|
girare
|
voltear
|
draaien
|
svänga
|
vertere
|
127
|
fall
|
tomber
|
fallen
|
cadere
|
caer
|
vallen
|
falla
|
cadere
|
128
|
give *
|
donner
|
geben
|
dare
|
dar
|
geven
|
ge
|
dare
|
129
|
hold
|
tenir
|
halten
|
tenere
|
sostener
|
houden
|
hålla
|
tenere
|
130
|
squeeze
|
serrer
|
quetschen
|
spremere
|
apretar
|
knijpen
|
klämma
|
premere
|
131
|
rub
|
frotter
|
reiben
|
strofinare
|
frotar, restregar
|
wrijven
|
gnida
|
fricare
|
132
|
wash
|
laver
|
waschen
|
lavare
|
lavar
|
wassen
|
tvätta
|
lavare
|
133
|
wipe
|
essuyer
|
wischen
|
asciugare
|
limpiar
|
vegen
|
rensa
|
tergere
|
134
|
pull
|
tirer
|
ziehen
|
tirare
|
tirar
|
trekken
|
dra
|
trahere
|
135
|
push
|
pousser
|
drücken
|
spingere
|
empujar
|
duwen
|
trycka
|
pellere, urgere
|
136
|
throw
|
jeter
|
werfen
|
tirare
|
tirar
|
werpen, gooien
|
kasta
|
iacere
|
137
|
tie
|
lier
|
binden
|
legare
|
atar
|
knopen
|
knyta, binda
|
stringere, ligare
|
138
|
sew
|
coudre
|
nähen
|
cucire
|
coser
|
naaien
|
sy
|
suere
|
139
|
count
|
compter
|
zählen
|
contare
|
contar
|
tellen
|
räkna
|
numerare
|
140
|
say *
|
dire
|
sagen
|
dire
|
decir
|
zeggen
|
säga
|
dicere
|
141
|
sing
|
chanter
|
singen
|
cantare
|
cantar
|
zingen
|
sjunga
|
canere
|
142
|
play
|
jouer
|
spielen
|
giocare
|
jugar
|
spelen
|
leka, spela
|
ludere
|
143
|
float
|
flotter
|
schweben
|
galleggiare
|
flotar
|
zweven
|
flyta
|
fluctuare
|
144
|
flow
|
couler
|
fließen
|
fluire
|
fluir
|
vloeien
|
rinna
|
fluere
|
145
|
freeze
|
geler
|
frieren
|
gelare
|
helar
|
vriezen
|
frysa
|
gelare
|
146
|
swell
|
gonfler
|
schwellen
|
gonfiare
|
hincharse
|
zwellen
|
svälla
|
inflare
|
147
|
sun *
|
soleil
|
Sonne
|
sole
|
sol
|
zon
|
sol
|
sol
|
148
|
moon *
|
lune
|
Mond
|
luna
|
luna
|
maan
|
måne
|
luna
|
149
|
star *
|
étoile
|
Stern
|
stella
|
estrella
|
ster
|
stjärna
|
stella
|
150
|
water *
|
eau
|
Wasser
|
acqua
|
agua
|
water
|
vatten
|
aqua
|
151
|
rain *
|
pluie
|
Regen
|
pioggia
|
lluvia
|
regen
|
regn
|
pluvia
|
152
|
river
|
rivière
|
Fluß
|
fiume
|
río
|
rivier
|
flod
|
fluvius
|
153
|
lake
|
lac
|
See
|
lago
|
lago
|
meer
|
sjö
|
lacus
|
154
|
sea
|
mer
|
Meer, See
|
mare
|
mar
|
zee
|
hav
|
mare
|
155
|
salt
|
sel
|
Salz
|
sale
|
sal
|
zout
|
salt
|
sal
|
156
|
stone *
|
pierre
|
Stein
|
pietra
|
piedra
|
steen
|
sten
|
lapis, petra
|
157
|
sand *
|
sable
|
Sand
|
sabbia
|
arena
|
zand
|
sand
|
arena
|
158
|
dust
|
poussière
|
Staub
|
polvere
|
polvo
|
stof
|
damm
|
pulvis
|
159
|
earth *
|
terre
|
Erde
|
terra
|
tierra
|
aarde
|
jord
|
terra
|
160
|
cloud *
|
nuage
|
Wolke
|
nuvola
|
nube
|
wolk
|
moln
|
nimbus, nubes
|
161
|
fog
|
brouillard
|
Nebel
|
nebbia
|
niebla
|
mist, nevel
|
dimma
|
caligo, nebula
|
162
|
sky
|
ciel
|
Himmel
|
cielo
|
cielo
|
lucht
|
himmel
|
caelum
|
163
|
wind
|
vent
|
Wind
|
vento
|
viento
|
wind
|
vind
|
ventus
|
164
|
snow
|
neige
|
Schnee
|
neve
|
nieve
|
sneeuw
|
snö
|
nix
|
165
|
ice
|
glace
|
Eis
|
ghiaccio
|
hielo
|
ijs
|
is
|
glacies
|
166
|
smoke *
|
fumée
|
Rauch
|
fumo
|
humo
|
rook
|
rök
|
fumus
|
167
|
fire *
|
feu
|
Feuer
|
fuoco
|
fuego
|
vuur
|
eld
|
ignis
|
168
|
ashes *
|
cendres
|
Asche
|
ceneri
|
cenizas
|
as
|
aska
|
cineres
|
169
|
burn *
|
brûler
|
brennen
|
bruciare
|
quemar
|
branden
|
brinna
|
ardere
|
170
|
road *
|
route
|
Straße
|
strada
|
camino
|
weg
|
väg
|
via
|
171
|
mountain *
|
montagne
|
Berg
|
montagna
|
montaña
|
berg
|
berg
|
mons
|
172
|
red *
|
rouge
|
rot
|
rosso
|
rojo
|
rood
|
röd
|
ruber
|
173
|
green *
|
vert
|
grün
|
verde
|
verde
|
groen
|
grön
|
viridis
|
174
|
yellow *
|
jaune
|
gelb
|
giallo
|
amarillo
|
geel
|
gul
|
flavus
|
175
|
white *
|
blanc
|
weiß
|
bianco
|
blanco
|
wit
|
vit
|
albus, candidus
|
176
|
black *
|
noir
|
schwarz
|
nero
|
negro
|
zwart
|
svart
|
niger, ater, fuscus
|
177
|
night *
|
nuit
|
Nacht
|
notte
|
noche
|
nacht
|
natt
|
nox
|
178
|
day
|
jour
|
Tag
|
giorno
|
día
|
dag
|
dag
|
dies
|
179
|
year
|
an, année
|
Jahr
|
anno
|
año
|
jaar
|
år
|
annus
|
180
|
warm *
|
chaud
|
warm
|
caldo
|
cálido, tibio
|
warm
|
varm
|
calidus
|
181
|
cold *
|
froid
|
kalt
|
freddo
|
frío
|
koud
|
kall
|
frigidus
|
182
|
full *
|
plein
|
voll
|
pieno
|
lleno
|
vol
|
full
|
plenus
|
183
|
new *
|
nouveau
|
neu
|
nuovo
|
nuevo
|
nieuw
|
ny
|
novus
|
184
|
old
|
vieux
|
alt
|
vecchio
|
viejo
|
oud
|
gammal
|
vetus
|
185
|
good *
|
bon
|
gut
|
buono
|
bueno
|
goed
|
bra
|
bonus
|
186
|
bad
|
mauvais
|
schlecht
|
cattivo
|
malo
|
slecht
|
dålig
|
malus
|
187
|
rotten
|
pourri
|
verrottet
|
marcio
|
podrido
|
rot
|
rutten
|
puter, putridus
|
188
|
dirty
|
sale
|
schmutzig
|
sporco
|
sucio
|
vies
|
smutsig
|
sordidus
|
189
|
straight
|
droit
|
gerade
|
diritto
|
recto
|
recht
|
rak
|
rectus
|
190
|
round *
|
rond
|
rund
|
rotondo
|
redondo
|
rond
|
rund
|
rotundus
|
191
|
sharp
|
tranchant, pointu, aigu
|
scharf
|
aguzzo, affilato
|
afilado
|
scherp
|
vass
|
acer
|
192
|
dull
|
émoussé
|
stumpf
|
noioso
|
desafilado
|
stomp, bot
|
slö
|
hebes
|
193
|
smooth
|
lisse
|
glatt
|
liscio
|
suave, liso
|
glad
|
len, slät
|
levis
|
194
|
wet
|
mouillé
|
nass, feucht
|
bagnato
|
mojado
|
nat
|
våt, blöt
|
umidus
|
195
|
dry *
|
sec
|
trocken
|
asciutto, secco
|
seco
|
droog
|
torr
|
siccus
|
196
|
correct
|
juste, correct
|
richtig
|
corretto
|
correcto
|
juist, correct
|
rätt, riktig
|
rectus
|
197
|
near
|
proche
|
nah, nahe
|
vicino
|
cerca
|
dichtbij
|
nära
|
propinquus
|
198
|
far
|
loin
|
weit, fern
|
lontano
|
lejos
|
ver
|
långt bort, fjärran
|
longinquus
|
199
|
right
|
à droite
|
rechts
|
destra
|
derecha
|
rechts
|
höger
|
dexter
|
200
|
left
|
à gauche
|
links
|
sinistra
|
izquierda
|
links
|
vänster
|
sinister
|
201
|
at
|
à
|
bei, an
|
a
|
a, en, ante
|
aan, te, bij
|
hos, vid
|
ad
|
202
|
in
|
dans
|
in
|
in
|
en
|
in
|
i
|
in
|
203
|
with
|
avec
|
mit
|
con
|
con
|
met
|
med
|
cum
|
204
|
and
|
et
|
und
|
e
|
y
|
en
|
och
|
et
|
205
|
if
|
si
|
wenn, falls, ob
|
se
|
si
|
als, indien
|
om
|
si
|
206
|
because
|
parce que
|
weil
|
perché
|
porque
|
omdat
|
eftersom, ty
|
quia, quoniam
|
207
|
name *
|
nom
|
Name
|
nome
|
nombre
|
naam
|
namn
|
nomen
|
世界の言語
World languages — other existing wikis
Regional languages